ADDITIONAL INFO:
To help you guys, I'll include here what he forgot to put up.
So far, OP has bled the system multiple times, and has checked per FSM the correct operation of the thermostat and CTS and confirmed that both are working properly as described in the FSM. OP also states he has replaced both items with new items, and has tested per FSM that these new items are operating properly and within expected limits.
OP also states that the radiator fans do indeed turn on, indicating that, since earlier tests indicate the coolant temp sensor correctly reads the coolant temp, the engine does indeed warm up properly to the point where it needs to engage the radiator fans.
OP has not, to date, verified the actual temperature of the coolant at normal operating temps. OP has only used the dummy gauge on the dash, as explained in the first post.
OP also states that, on an incline, the temperature gauge appears to increase in reading. Previous attempts at bleeding the coolant system have either not resolved the issue, or OP has not updated on inclined conditions.
OP has resoldered the single-prong thermistor connection that runs the dash gauge, and noted no change in the reported temperature. OP has ruled out the cluster/coil for the gauge as the issue, but did not report how this conclusion was reached.
From my thread, I cannot confirm that the single-prong thermistor that runs the gauge was properly tested. I also cannot confirm that the OP checked for grounding issues. Since I do see other VVL members having this issue, I recommended the OP start a thread here since it seems, but is not confirmed, that the problem may be VE-specific.