30 grit sandpaper will look like gravel!! The lower the number, the coarser the paper. Someone is trying to be funny . . . . .
Any sandpaper will be too coarse. A light hone with oil sounds best. If that is not available, there is a product called crocus cloth which is a cloth backed abrasive in the emery cloth family that is extremely fine. Or, you could try a chemical rust remover (not a rust converter). This must be used with care, since they are usually acid based.
Exposed metal will rust even without rain because of the humidity in the air. If you must leave the engine (or crank or cams) out in the open for a time, you should wipe it down with oil to give it some protection.