Those things are not freeze plugs, nor welch plugs. They might be called that due to tradition/ignorance, but they are not to protect the block in the event that the coolant freezes. They may pop out if the coolant freezes, but they haven't protected anything.
Those holes are reliefs used during the block casting process to allow draining of the sand. This is true for every block made with a sand casting process (which is pretty much all of them).
squirlz it sounds like you've probably managed to avoid major damage since the block and head take longer to cool than the overflow bottle (because of all the mass). Keep the heater and blankets on it, and once you can I would get the mix closer to 50/50. The radiator may have cracked if anything...